Examines the neuroscience of counseling and psychopharmacology. Considers recent research and theoretical perspectives on brain functioning, enabling us to understand that all forms of counseling, psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy are successful to the extent they change relevant neural circuits in the brain. Also considers the development of the brain and its relationship to psychological well-being and psychopathology. Examines several of the psychological problems individuals experience and the therapeutic interventions employed to address them, informed by our understanding of brain functioning. Major classes of psychotherapeutic medications, the psychiatric problems they address, their underlying neurological mechanisms, indications and contraindications for their use, and side effects are examined. Students learn to use internet databases and reference materials to maintain their knowledge base of these medications. The psychopharmacology of specific cultural and social groups is considered, including women, racial/ethnic groups, children and adolescents and the elderly.